PSEUDOGENE Meaning and
Definition
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A pseudogene is a segment of DNA that resembles a functional gene but lacks the ability to encode a functional protein or RNA product. Pseudogenes are typically derived from functional genes via various evolutionary processes such as gene duplication, mutation, or retrotransposition. They are considered non-functional remnants or relics of DNA sequences that have lost their original function throughout evolution.
Pseudogenes can be classified into several types based on their origins and characteristics. Processed pseudogenes arise from the reverse transcription and integration of a processed mRNA molecule into the genome, resulting in the loss of promoter and enhancer sequences necessary for their expression. Non-processed pseudogenes, on the other hand, maintain essential regulatory elements for transcription, but their coding sequences contain disruptive mutations that prevent the production of a functional protein or RNA.
Although pseudogenes are generally non-functional, recent studies have indicated that they may possess certain regulatory functions. Some pseudogenes have been identified to regulate the expression of their homologous functional genes by acting as decoy transcripts or by producing short interfering RNAs. Additionally, pseudogenes can serve as important evolutionary markers, providing insights into the genomic changes that have occurred over time.
In summary, a pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a functional gene but lacks the ability to produce a functional protein or RNA. They are remnants of genes that have undergone evolutionary processes leading to loss of functionality. While generally non-functional, pseudogenes may have regulatory roles and can be used as evolutionary markers.
Common Misspellings for PSEUDOGENE
Etymology of PSEUDOGENE
The word "pseudogene" is derived from the combination of two terms: "pseudo" meaning false or fake, and "gene" referring to a sequence of DNA that carries information for producing a specific protein or RNA molecule. The term was coined in 1977 by the American geneticist Jacques Ninio to describe a DNA sequence that resembles a functional gene, but is unable to produce a functional protein due to mutations or other factors. Pseudogenes are considered non-functional remnants of genes that have lost their original function over time.
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