Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhages (SAH) refer to a medical condition characterized by bleeding or hemorrhage that occurs within the subarachnoid space of the brain. The subarachnoid space is the area between the brain and the thin membrane known as the arachnoid mater.
This type of hemorrhage typically results from the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, which is a weakened blood vessel located in the subarachnoid space. The rupture causes blood to spill into this area, leading to the accumulation of blood and subsequent irritation of the delicate brain tissues. This can result in severe symptoms and complications.
The most common symptoms of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhages include sudden and severe headache, often described as the "worst headache of one's life." Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
Immediate medical attention is crucial in cases of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhages due to the potential for life-threatening complications, such as brain damage, cerebral vasospasm (narrowing of blood vessels in the brain), and hydrocephalus (build-up of fluid in the brain). Diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans and lumbar puncture are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhages include surgical interventions, such as clipping or coiling of the ruptured aneurysm, to prevent further bleeding and promote healing. Medications may also be prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Additionally, rehabilitation therapies may be recommended to support recovery and prevent long-term disability.
