Faecal Occult Test, also known as Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT), is a diagnostic screening procedure used to detect hidden (occult) traces of blood in the stool. The test is performed to identify potential gastrointestinal disorders, such as colorectal cancer, polyps, and other conditions affecting the digestive tract.
During the Faecal Occult Test, a small sample of stool is collected by the individual and provided to a medical laboratory for analysis. The laboratory technicians search for microscopic traces of blood that are not visible to the naked eye, as these could be indicative of more significant underlying health problems.
The presence of blood in the stool may be a sign of hemorrhoids, ulcers, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or gastrointestinal bleeding, among other conditions. By detecting this hidden blood, the Faecal Occult Test can assist in early identification and diagnosis of these potential health issues, allowing for timely treatment and improved prognosis.
There are two types of Faecal Occult Tests: guaiac-based and immunochemical. The guaiac-based test utilizes a chemical called guaiac to detect the presence of heme, an iron-containing component of hemoglobin found in blood. On the other hand, the immunochemical test identifies human hemoglobin protein specifically, offering a higher sensitivity and fewer false-positive results.
The Faecal Occult Test is a valuable screening tool for assessing the presence of hidden blood in the stool, assisting in the early detection and management of various gastrointestinal disorders. It is typically recommended for individuals over a certain age or with a family history of gastrointestinal conditions, allowing for proactive health management and increased chances of successful treatment.
