De jure segregation refers to the systematic, legally sanctioned separation of individuals and communities on the basis of their race, ethnicity, religion, or other social characteristics. This term specifically addresses the segregation policies and practices that are officially mandated and enforced by law. It stands in contrast to de facto segregation, which arises from social and economic factors without explicit legal implementation.
In de jure segregation, laws and regulations explicitly dictate the segregation of different racial or ethnic groups, enforcing the separation in various aspects of public life such as education, housing, transport, and public facilities. This type of segregation was prevalent in several countries, most notably in the United States during the era of Jim Crow laws that were enforced from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. These laws explicitly segregated communities, schools, hospitals, and other public spaces along racial lines.
De jure segregation inherently perpetuates systemic inequality, as it creates separate and unequal conditions for different racial or ethnic groups. This segregation was often justified through racist ideologies, maintaining social hierarchies and discriminating against marginalized communities. However, de jure segregation has been widely condemned as a violation of human rights and against principles of equality and non-discrimination.
Efforts to combat de jure segregation have involved legal challenges and legislative reforms aimed at dismantling discriminatory laws and promoting equal opportunities for all individuals, irrespective of their race or ethnicity.
