Colombo fever, also known as lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), is a viral infection that affects humans and various species of rodents. It is caused by the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) belonging to the family Arenaviridae. The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected rodents, their urine, droppings, or saliva, although human-to-human transmission is possible.
Symptoms of Colombo fever typically include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, individuals may experience neurological complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, or even aseptic meningoencephalitis. Pregnant women infected with LCMV may also transmit the virus to their fetus, leading to congenital abnormalities or fetal death.
Diagnosis is often made by detecting specific antibodies or the presence of viral RNA in blood samples. Treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care, as there are no specific antiviral therapies available. Prevention of Colombo fever involves avoiding direct contact with rodents, maintaining proper hygiene, and implementing rodent control measures in living areas.
Named after its discovery in 1933 in Colombo, Sri Lanka, Colombo fever is endemic in many parts of the world, including North and South America, Europe, and Asia. While transmission to humans is relatively rare, individuals who are in close proximity to rodents, such as laboratory workers, pet owners, or farmers, are at a higher risk of infection.
