Bombina bombina, commonly known as the European fire-bellied toad, is a species of small, semi-aquatic amphibian belonging to the family Bombinatoridae. It is native to various parts of Europe, including Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, and Russia, and can be found in wetland habitats such as ponds, marshes, and slow-moving streams.
With a distinct appearance, Bombina bombina possesses bright green or red coloration on its ventral side, which serves as a warning to predators. This vibrant coloration acts as aposematic signaling, indicating its toxic and unpalatable nature. The dorsal side of the body is usually dark brown or olive, providing camouflage in their natural habitat. The toads have a stout build, with a characteristic round shape and short limbs.
Bombina bombina is primarily aquatic, spending a considerable amount of time in the water. They are highly adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle, possessing webbed digits and specialized skin glands that secrete toxins for defense. Their diet mainly consists of small invertebrates, such as insects and spiders.
Breeding of Bombina bombina occurs during the spring and summer months. The males attract females through their unique mating calls, and after successful reproduction, the females lay clusters of eggs in shallow water. The eggs develop into tadpoles, which then undergo metamorphosis into juvenile toads.
This species has faced some decline in population due to habitat loss and pollution. However, conservation efforts, such as the establishment of protected areas, have been effective in safeguarding their habitats and ensuring their survival.
