Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias, also known as acute myeloid leukemias (AML), are a group of aggressive blood cancers that originate in the bone marrow and affect the production of myeloid cells, such as red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells (other than lymphocytes). This type of leukemia is characterized by the rapid growth and accumulation of immature and abnormal myeloid cells, known as blasts, which disrupt the normal functioning of the bone marrow.
AML is classified as "acute" because it progresses rapidly and requires immediate medical attention and treatment. It is termed "nonlymphoblastic" to distinguish it from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which affects lymphoid cells instead of myeloid cells.
Symptoms of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias may include fatigue, weakness, recurrent infections, pale skin, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and weight loss. Diagnosis is typically made through a bone marrow biopsy, which reveals the presence of the abnormal myeloid cells.
Treatment for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias usually involves intensive chemotherapy to destroy the cancer cells and restore normal production of healthy blood cells. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be necessary to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Prognosis varies depending on various factors, including age, overall health, subtype of AML, and response to treatment. It is crucial that patients receive prompt and specialized care from a qualified medical professional to improve their chances of remission and survival.
